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一、谱写新时代中国特色社会主义新篇章

1.中国特色社会主义

socialism with Chinese characteristics (简称：Chinese socialism)

例句：全面把握中国特色社会主义进入新时代的新要求，不断提高党和国家事业发展水平。中国特色社会主义进入了新时代，这是我国发展新的历史方位。党的十八大以来，在新中国成立特别是改革开放以来取得重大成就的基础上，我国发展站到了新的历史起点上，中国特色社会主义事业进入了新的发展阶段。（摘自习近平在中共十九届一中全会上的讲话，2017年10月25日）

译文：We should fully understand the new requirements ofsocialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era, and constantly strengthen all undertakings of the Party and the state. This new era will have an important historic bearing on China’s future. Since the 18th CPC National Congress in 2012, based on the great achievements made after the founding of the PRC in 1949, and especially after the launch of the reform and opening-up policy in 1978, China has reached a new historic starting point, and Chinese socialism has entered a new stage. (from the speech at the First Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee, October 25, 2017)

2.新时代中国特色社会主义思想

Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era

例句：全面贯彻新时代中国特色社会主义思想和基本方略，不断提高全党马克思主义理论水平。新时代中国特色社会主义思想和基本方略，不是从天上掉下来的，不是主观臆想出来的，而是党的十八大以来，在新中国成立特别是改革开放以来我们党推进理论创新和实践创新的基础上，全党全国各族人民进行艰辛理论探索的成果，是全党全国各族人民创新创造的智慧结晶。（摘自习近平在中共十九届一中全会上的讲话，2017年10月25日）

译文：We must ensure that the Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era and its basic principles are fully implemented, so as to raise the level of understanding of Marxism within the whole Party. The thought and its basic principles have come neither from thin air nor subjective assumptions. They are the results of the rigorous theoretical quest of the Party and the Chinese people since the 18th CPC National Congress in 2012, based on our Party’s innovation in theory and practice since the founding of the PRC in 1949 and particularly since the launch of reform and opening up in 1978. They therefore represent a crystallization of the creative wisdom of our Party and the people. (from the speech at the First Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee, October 25, 2017)

3.“两个一百年”奋斗目标 

Two Centenary Goals

释义：“两个一百年”奋斗目标，是建设中国特色社会主义的奋斗目标。2012年11月，中共十八大提出，在中国共产党成立100年时全面建成小康社会，在新中国成立100年时建成富强民主文明和谐的社会主义现代化国家。中共十九大提出新时代中国特色社会主义发展的战略安排：第一个阶段，从2020年到2035年，在全面建成小康社会的基础上，再奋斗15年，基本实现社会主义现代化；第二个阶段，从2035年到本世纪中叶，在基本实现现代化的基础上，再奋斗15年，把我国建成富强民主文明和谐美丽的社会主义现代化强国。

译文：The Two Centenary Goals were put forth by the CPC at its 18th National Congress in November 2012 for building socialism with Chinese characteristics. The two goals are to complete a moderately prosperous society in all respects by the centenary of the CPC (founded in 1921) and to build China into a modern socialist country that is prosperous, strong, democratic, culturally advanced, and harmonious by the centenary of the PRC (founded in 1949). The CPC drew up a development plan for the new era at its 19th National Congress. In the first stage from 2020 to 2035, we will build on the foundation of the moderately prosperous society with a further 15 years of hard work to see that socialist modernization is basically realized. In the second stage from 2035 to the middle of the 21st century, having achieved basic modernization, we will work hard for a further 15 years and develop China into a great modern socialist country that is prosperous, strong, democratic, culturally advanced, harmonious, and beautiful.

例句：经过长期努力，中国特色社会主义进入了新时代。新时代要有新气象，更要有新作为。中共十九大到下一次的二十大这5年，正处在实现“两个一百年”奋斗目标的历史交汇期，第一个百年目标要实现，第二个百年奋斗目标要开篇。（摘自习近平在中共十九届中央政治局常委同中外记者见面时的讲话，2017年10月25日）

译文：Following decades of hard work, socialism with Chinese characteristics has entered a new era. In this new context, we must take on a new image, and more importantly, achieve greater success. The coming five years between the 19th and the 20th CPC national congresses are a period in which the timeframes of the Two Centenary Goals will converge. We must deliver the First Centenary Goal; we must also embark on the journey towards the Second Centenary Goal. (from the speech at the press conference by members of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the 19th CPC Central Committee, October 25, 2017)

4.当代中国马克思主义、二十一世纪马克思主义

Marxism in contemporary China and the 21st century

例句：理论的生命力在于不断创新，推动马克思主义不断发展是中国共产党人的神圣职责。我们要坚持用马克思主义观察时代、解读时代、引领时代，用鲜活丰富的当代中国实践来推动马克思主义发展，用宽广视野吸收人类创造的一切优秀文明成果，坚持在改革中守正出新、不断超越自己，在开放中博采众长、不断完善自己，不断深化对共产党执政规律、社会主义建设规律、人类社会发展规律的认识，不断开辟当代中国马克思主义、21世纪马克思主义新境界！（摘自习近平在纪念马克思诞辰200周年大会上的讲话，2018年5月4日）

译文：The lifeline of a theory lies in innovation, and it is a sacred duty of Chinese Communists to develop Marxism. We need to use Marxism to observe and decipher the world today and lead us through it, and develop it in dynamic and abundant practice in contemporary China. We should learn from all the achievements of human civilization with an extensive view. To outdo ourselves we need to protect our foundations while innovating, and learn widely from the strengths of others to improve ourselves. Finally, we need to have a deeper understanding of governance by a communist party, the development of socialism, and the evolution of human society, and open up new prospects for the development of Marxism in contemporary China and the 21st century. (from the speech at the ceremony commemorating the bicentenary of the birth of Karl Marx, May 4, 2018)

5.马克思主义立场观点方法

Marxist stance, viewpoint and methodology

例句：要学懂弄通做实党的创新理论，掌握马克思主义立场观点方法，夯实敢于斗争、善于斗争的思想根基，理论上清醒，政治上才能坚定，斗争起来才有底气、才有力量。（摘自习近平在2019年秋季学期中央党校（国家行政学院）中青年干部培训班开班式上的讲话要点，2019年9月3日）

译文：We must grasp and apply new theories of the Party, master the Marxist stance, viewpoint and methodology,and thereby prepare our minds for courageous and successful struggle. Only when we are cognizant of the theories, can we be politically firm and have the courage and strength to fight. (from main points of the speech at the opening ceremony of a training program for younger officials at the Central Party School (National Academy of Governance) during its 2019 fall semester, September 3, 2019)

6.党的基本理论、基本路线、基本方略

the Party’s underlying theories, basic guidelines, and fundamental principles

例句：前进征程上，我们要坚持中国共产党领导，坚持人民主体地位，坚持中国特色社会主义道路，全面贯彻执行党的基本理论、基本路线、基本方略，不断满足人民对美好生活的向往，不断创造新的历史伟业。（摘自习近平在庆祝中华人民共和国成立七十周年大会上的讲话,2019年10月1日）

译文：On our journey forward, we must uphold the CPC’s leadership, ensure that the people are the masters of the country, stay on the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics, and fully implement the Party’s underlying theories, basic guidelines, and fundamental principles. We must strive to constantly meet the people’s desire for a better life and reach new and historic heights. (from the speech at the celebration of the 70th anniversary of the founding of the PRC, October 1, 2019)

特色用语

1. 历史是人民书写的，一切成就归功于人民。

The people are the creators of history. It is to them that we owe all our achievements.

语境：历史是人民书写的，一切成就归功于人民。只要我们深深扎根人民、紧紧依靠人民，就可以获得无穷的力量，风雨无阻，奋勇向前。

译文：The people are the creators of history. It is to them that we owe all our achievements. As long as we keep close ties with the people and rely on them, we can and will have boundless strength to forge ahead whatever the circumstances.

2. 时代是出卷人，我们是答卷人，人民是阅卷人。

We are like examinees sitting the tests posed by this era, and the people will review our results.

语境：昨天的成功并不代表着今后能够永远成功，过去的辉煌并不意味着未来可以永远辉煌。时代是出卷人，我们是答卷人，人民是阅卷人。

译文：The successes of yesterday do not guarantee future successes, and the glories of the past do not guarantee glories in the future. We are like examinees sitting the tests posed by this era, and the people will review our results.

3. 只有回看走过的路、比较别人的路、远眺前行的路，弄清楚我们从哪儿来、往哪儿去，很多问题才能看得深、把得准。

We can grasp the essence of many problems only by looking back over the path we have taken, comparing it with other paths, looking to the road ahead, and by understanding where we came from and where we are going.

语境：历史和现实都告诉我们，一场社会革命要取得最终胜利，往往需要一个漫长的历史过程。只有回看走过的路、比较别人的路、远眺前行的路，弄清楚我们从哪儿来、往哪儿去，很多问题才能看得深、把得准。

译文：Both history and reality have shown to us that any social revolution requires a long process to achieve the final victory. We can grasp the essence of many problems only by looking back over the path we have taken, comparing it with other paths, looking to the road ahead, and by understanding where we came from and where we are going.

一、谱写新时代中国特色社会主义新篇章

1.伟大斗争，伟大工程，伟大事业，伟大梦想

great struggle, great project, great cause and great dream

例句1：当今世界正处于百年未有之大变局，我们党领导的伟大斗争、伟大工程、伟大事业、伟大梦想正在如火如荼进行，改革发展稳定任务艰巨繁重，我们面临着难得的历史机遇，也面临着一系列重大风险考验。胜利实现我们党确定的目标任务，必须发扬斗争精神，增强斗争本领。（摘自习近平在2019年秋季学期中央党校（国家行政学院）中青年干部培训班开班式上的讲话要点，2019年9月3日）

译文：Today’s world is in the midst of great changes that have not been seen in a century. The great struggle, the great project, the great cause, and the great dream are flourishing under the Party's leadership. The tasks of advancing reform, promoting development, and maintaining stability are arduous. We are facing a historic opportunity and also a series of major risks and tests. To achieve the goals and targets set by the Party, we must enhance our capability and meet challenges head-on. (from main points of the speech at the opening ceremony of a training program for younger officials at the Central Party School (National Academy of Governance) during its 2019 fall semester, September 3, 2019)

例句2：我们党在一个有着13亿多人口的大国长期执政，要保证国家统一、法制统一、政令统一、市场统一，要实现经济发展、政治清明、文化昌盛、社会公正、生态良好，要顺利推进新时代中国特色社会主义各项事业，必须完善坚持党的领导的体制机制，更好发挥党的领导这一最大优势，担负好进行伟大斗争、建设伟大工程、推进伟大事业、实现伟大梦想的重大职责。（摘自习近平在中共十九届三中全会上所作的《关于深化党和国家机构改革决定稿和方案稿的说明》，2018年2月26日）

译文：Governing a large country with more than 1.3 billion people, the Party must improve its leadership systems and mechanisms, give full play to the great strength of leadership by the Party, and shoulder the major responsibilities of carrying out our great struggle, developing our great project, advancing our great cause, and realizing our great dream. Only in this way can we ensure national reunification, uniform laws and policies and consistent market management, achieve economic development, clean political administration, cultural prosperity, social justice and healthy ecosystems, and smoothly advance the causes of Chinese socialism in the new era. (from the “Note to the Draft Decision and Draft Program on Further Reform of Party and State Institutions” delivered at the Third Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee, February 26, 2018)

2.具有许多新的历史特点的伟大斗争

great historic struggle with many new features

例句：面对波谲云诡的国际形势、复杂敏感的周边环境、艰巨繁重的改革发展稳定任务，我们既要有防范风险的先手，也要有应对和化解风险挑战的高招；既要打好防范和抵御风险的有准备之战，也要打好化险为夷、转危为机的战略主动战。我们要继续进行具有许多新的历史特点的伟大斗争，准备战胜一切艰难险阻，朝着我们党确立的伟大目标奋勇前进。（摘自习近平在新进中央委员会的委员、候补委员和省部级主要领导干部学习贯彻习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想和党的十九大精神研讨班开班式上的讲话要点，2018年1月5日）

译文：In the face of a confusing and changing international landscape, a complex and sensitive neighboring environment, and the formidable tasks of reform, development and maintaining stability at home, we must take the precaution of guarding against risks, while adopting effective measures to address and resolve them when they arise. We must be fully prepared and make proactive strategic moves to convert danger into safety and adversity into opportunity. We will continue the great historic struggle with many new features, prepare to overcome all difficulties and obstacles, and march forward towards the great goals set by our Party. (from main points of the speech at the opening ceremony of a study session on Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era and the guiding principles of the 19th CPC National Congress, January 5, 2018. Members and alternate members of the newly elected CPC Central Committee and principal officials at the provincial and ministerial level attended the session.)

3.党的建设新的伟大工程

great new project of strengthening the Party

例句：伟大斗争，伟大工程，伟大事业，伟大梦想，紧密联系、相互贯通、相互作用，其中起决定性作用的是党的建设新的伟大工程。（摘自习近平在中国共产党第十九次全国代表大会上的报告,2017年10月18日）

译文：This great struggle, great project, great cause, and great dream are closely connected, flow seamlessly into each other, and are mutually reinforcing. Among them, the great new project of strengthening the Party plays the decisive role. (from the report to the 19th CPC National Congress, October 18, 2017)

4.中国特色社会主义伟大事业

great cause of Chinese socialism

例句：在新时代的征程上，全党同志一定要适应新时代中国特色社会主义的发展要求，提高战略思维、创新思维、辩证思维、法治思维、底线思维能力，增强工作的原则性、系统性、预见性、创造性，更好把握国内外形势发展变化，更好贯彻党的理论和路线方针政策，更好贯彻党的十九大确定的大政方针、发展战略、政策措施，更好推进中国特色社会主义伟大事业和党的建设新的伟大工程，团结带领全国各族人民奋力谱写全面建成小康社会、全面建设社会主义现代化国家新篇章。（摘自习近平在中共十九届一中全会上的讲话，2017年10月25日）

译文：On this new journey, all our Party members must keep abreast with the new requirements of the new era, improve our capacity for strategic, innovative and dialectical thinking, bear in mind the rule of law and our principles, take a holistic, forward-looking and innovative approach to work, and better understand the changing domestic and international situation. We must put into practice the Party's theories, guidelines, principles and policies – especially the guidelines, development strategies and policy measures established at the 19th CPC National Congress, promote the great cause of Chinese socialism and the great project of strengthening the Party, and unite all the Chinese people and lead them to strive for a moderately prosperous society and a modern socialist country in all respects. (from the speech at the First Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee, October 25, 2017)

5.中华民族伟大复兴的中国梦

Chinese Dream of national rejuvenation

例句：中国的昨天已经写在人类的史册上，中国的今天正在亿万人民手中创造，中国的明天必将更加美好。全党全军全国各族人民要更加紧密地团结起来，不忘初心，牢记使命，继续把我们的人民共和国巩固好、发展好，继续为实现“两个一百年”奋斗目标、实现中华民族伟大复兴的中国梦而努力奋斗！（摘自习近平在庆祝中华人民共和国成立七十周年大会上的讲话,2019年10月1日）

译文：China’s past made its mark on human history; China’s present is being created by the hands of hundreds of millions of Chinese people; China’s future will be even brighter. All members of the Party, the armed forces and the people of all ethnic groups should unite closer, stay true to our original aspiration and founding mission, and continue to consolidate and develop our People’s Republic. We should continue to enhance our efforts to achieve the Two Centenary Goals and to realize the Chinese Dream of national rejuvenation. (from the speech at the celebration of the 70th anniversary of the founding of the PRC, October 1, 2019)

6.重要战略机遇期

important period of strategic opportunity

例句：当前，国内外形势正在发生深刻复杂变化，我国发展仍处于重要战略机遇期，前景十分光明，挑战也十分严峻。（摘自习近平在中国共产党第十九次全国代表大会上的报告,2017年10月18日）

译文：Both China and the world are in the midst of profound and complex changes. China is still in an important period of strategic opportunity for development; the prospects are bright but the challenges are severe. (from the report to the 19th CPC National Congress, October 18, 2017)

特色用语

1. 生活之树长青。

Forever green is the tree of life.

语境：生活之树常青。一种理论的产生，源泉只能是丰富生动的现实生活，动力只能是解决社会矛盾和问题的现实要求。

译文：As the saying goes, “Forever green is the tree of life.” A theory can only find its inspiration in the richness and vibrancy of real life and in the practical need to resolve social problems.

2. 不要人夸颜色好，只留清气满乾坤。

Not bent on praise for its bright colors, but on leaving its fragrance to all.

语境：我们不需要更多的溢美之词，我们一贯欢迎客观的介绍和有益的建议，正所谓“不要人夸颜色好，只留清气满乾坤”。

译文：We do not need lavish praise from others. But we do welcome objective reporting and constructive suggestions, for this is our motto, “Not bent on praise for its bright colors, but on leaving its fragrance to all.”

把人民军队全面建成世界一流军队

1.新时代党的强军思想

the CPC’s (Party’s) philosophy on strengthening the military for the new era

例句：全军要坚持以新时代中国特色社会主义思想为指导，深入贯彻党的十九大和十九届二中、三中全会精神，深入贯彻新时代党的强军思想，深入贯彻新时代军事战略方针，在新的起点上做好军事斗争准备工作，开创强军事业新局面。（摘自习近平在中央军委军事工作会议上的讲话要点，2019年1月4日）译文：The military must follow the Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era and implement the guiding principles of the 19th CPC National Congress in 2017 and the second and third plenary sessions of the 19th CPC Central Committee in 2018. The military must act on the Party’s philosophy on strengthening the military for the new era, implement a strategy for new conditions, and get ready to meet any new challenge at this new starting point. (from main points of the speech at a meeting of the Central Military Commission on military work, January 4, 2019) 

2.党在新时代的强军目标

the Party’s goal of building a strong military in the new era

例句：党在新时代的强军目标是建设一支听党指挥、能打胜仗、作风优良的人民军队，把人民军队建设成为世界一流军队。（摘自习近平在中国共产党第十九次全国代表大会上的报告，2017年10月18日）
译文：The Party’s goal of building a strong military in the new era is to build the people’s forces into world-class forces that obey the Party’s command, can fight and win, and maintain excellent conduct. (from the report to the 19th CPC National Congress, October 18, 2017)

3.党对军队绝对领导

the Party’s absolute leadership over the military / absolute Party leadership over the military

例句：党的十八大之后，党中央和中央军委坚持从政治上建设和掌握军队，特别是召开古田全军政治工作会议，狠抓全面从严治党、全面从严治军，坚持党对军队绝对领导，坚持以整风精神推进政治整训，坚持以理论武装凝心聚魂，坚持把党组织搞坚强，坚持贯彻军队好干部标准，坚持正风肃纪、反腐惩恶，带领全军寻根溯源、革弊鼎新，推动管党治党从宽松软走向严紧硬。（摘自习近平在中央军委党的建设会议上的讲话要点，2018年8月17日）
译文：After the 18th CPC National Congress in 2012, the CPC Central Committee and the Central Military Commission (CMC) set about strengthening the military and its political governance. In particular, the Gutian Conference on Military Political Work was held in 2014 to emphasize the need to promote our Party’s full and rigorous self-governance and govern the military with strict discipline in every respect. As was decided at the meeting, we must: uphold absolute Party leadership over the military; enhance political education to improve Party conduct in the military; preserve the unity of the military through theoretical education; strengthen Party organizations in the military; set up qualification requirements for military officers; improve Party conduct and enforce Party discipline; fight corruption and punish vice; lead the military in maintaining our original aspiration, abandoning outdated practices, and creating new institutions; and ensure Party self-governance with stricter, harsher, and more punitive discipline. (from main points of the speech at a meeting of the Central Military Commission on strengthening the Party, August 17, 2018)

4.党领导军队的制度体系

institutional framework for Party leadership in the military

例句：要健全党领导军队的制度体系，全面规范我军党的工作和政治工作。（摘自习近平在中央军委党的建设会议上的讲话要点，2018年8月17日）
译文：We must improve the institutional framework for Party leadership in the military to make Party affairs and other political work in the military more procedure-based. (from main points of the speech at a meeting of the Central Military Commission on strengthening the Party, August 17, 2018)

5.新时代人民军队党的领导和党的建设工作

(to strengthen) the Party’s leadership and organizations in the military in the new era

例句：全面加强新时代我军党的领导和党的建设工作，是推进党的建设新的伟大工程的必然要求，是推进强国强军的必然要求。（摘自习近平在中央军委党的建设会议上的讲话要点，2018年8月17日）

译文：Strengthening the Party’s leadership and organizations in the military in the new era is a prerequisite for implementing the great new project of strengthening the Party, and for building a strong country with a strong military. (from main points of the speech at a meeting of the Central Military Commission on strengthening the Party, August 17, 2018)

6.党委统一的集体领导下的首长分工负责制

leaders’ responsibility system under the unified, collective leadership of Party committees

例句：要落实党委统一的集体领导下的首长分工负责制，做到一切工作都置于党委统一领导之下，一切重要问题都由党委研究决定。（摘自习近平在中央军委党的建设会议上的讲话要点，2018年8月17日）

译文：We must implement the leaders’ responsibility system under the unified, collective leadership of Party committees，ensuring that all work is done under the leadership of Party committees and all major issues are decided by the Party committees after discussion. (from main points of the speech at a meeting of the Central Military Commission on strengthening the Party, August 17, 2018)

7.军委管总、战区主战、军种主建

(a new structure with) the CMC exercising overall leadership, the theater commands responsible for military operations, and the services focusing on developing their capabilities

例句：要适应改革后的新体制新职能，坚持军委管总、战区主战、军种主建总原则，找准各级各类党组织职能定位，优化组织设置，健全制度机制，改进领导方式，把组织功能充分发挥出来。（摘自习近平在中央军委党的建设会议上的讲话要点，2018年8月17日）译文：The military must be adapted to its reformed institutions and functions, under a new structure with the CMC exercising overall leadership, the theater commands responsible for military operations, and the services focusing on developing their capabilities. Military Party organizations at all levels must identify their functions, improve their structure, institutions and mechanisms, and their way of exercising leadership, so as to fully perform their organizational functions. (from main points of the speech at a meeting of the Central Military Commission on strengthening the Party, August 17, 2018)

8.国防和军队现代化

modernization of our national defense and armed forces

例句：同国家现代化进程相一致，全面推进军事理论现代化、军队组织形态现代化、军事人员现代化、武器装备现代化，力争到二〇三五年基本实现国防和军队现代化，到本世纪中叶把人民军队全面建成世界一流军队。（摘自习近平在中国共产党第十九次全国代表大会上的报告，2017年10月18日）译文：In step with our country’s modernization process, we will modernize our military across the board in terms of theory, organizational structure, service personnel, and weaponry. We will make it our mission to see that by 2035, the modernization of our national defense and armed forces is basically completed; and that by the mid-21st century our people’s armed forces have been fully transformed into world-class forces. (from the report to the 19th CPC National Congress, October 18, 2017)

9.国防和军队改革

reform of national defense and the military

例句：中国特色社会主义进入了新时代，国防和军队建设也进入了新时代，解决军事政策制度深层次矛盾和问题，全面释放深化国防和军队改革效能，开创强军事业新局面，掌握军事竞争和战争主动权，迫切需要适应形势任务发展要求，对军事政策制度进行系统、深入改革。（摘自习近平在中央军委政策制度改革工作会议上的讲话要点，2018年11月13日）译文：Socialism with Chinese characteristics has entered a new era, as has China’s endeavor to upgrade its national defense and military capabilities. So we need to conduct urgent, systematic and in-depth reform of the military policy framework to adapt to the changing conditions. We should resolve deep-seated problems in the military policy framework, enhance the performance of in-depth reform of national defense and the military, usher in a new stage in strengthening the armed forces, improve military competitiveness, and maintain a position of strength when it comes to fighting war. (from main points of the speech at a meeting of the Central Military Commission on reform of the military policy framework, November 13, 2018)

特色用语

1. 强军之道，要在得人。

Success in building a powerful military lies in capable military personnel.

语境：强军之道，要在得人。要把培养干部、培养人才摆在更加突出的位置，着力锻造忠诚干净担当的高素质干部队伍，着力集聚矢志强军打赢的各方面优秀人才。

译文：Success in building a powerful military lies in capable military personnel. We need to attach greater importance to the training of officers and professionals, with a focus on training competent officers who are loyal to our Party and our people, have moral integrity, and demonstrate a keen sense of responsibility, and on using outstanding professionals who are resolved to strengthen the military and win wars.

2. 我们的军队是人民军队，我们的国防是全民国防。

Our military is the people’s military, and our national defense is the responsibility of every one of us.

语境：我们的军队是人民军队，我们的国防是全民国防。我们要加强全民国防教育，巩固军政军民团结，为实现中国梦强军梦凝聚强大力量！

译文：Our military is the people’s military, and our national defense is the responsibility of every one of us. We must raise public awareness about the importance of national defense and strengthen unity between the government and the military and between the people and the military. Let us work together to create a mighty force for realizing the Chinese Dream and the dream of building a powerful military.

把人民军队全面建成世界一流军队

1.中国特色强军之路

Chinese path of building strong armed forces / path of building a powerful military with Chinese characteristics

例句：加强练兵备战，有效遂行海上维权、反恐维稳、抢险救灾、国际维和、亚丁湾护航、人道主义救援等重大任务，武器装备加快发展，军事斗争准备取得重大进展。人民军队在中国特色强军之路上迈出坚定步伐。（摘自习近平在中国共产党第十九次全国代表大会上的报告，2017年10月18日）译文：We have strengthened military training and war preparedness, and undertaken major missions related to the protection of maritime rights, countering terrorism, maintaining stability, disaster rescue and relief, international peacekeeping, escort services in the Gulf of Aden, and humanitarian assistance. We have stepped up weapons and equipment development, and made major progress in enhancing military preparedness. The people’s armed forces have taken solid strides on the path of building a powerful military with Chinese characteristics. (from the report to the 19th CPC National Congress, October 18, 2017)

2.中国特色社会主义军事政策制度体系

socialist military policy framework with Chinese characteristics

例句：军事政策制度改革的指导思想是，以新时代中国特色社会主义思想和党的十九大精神为指导，深入贯彻新时代党的强军思想，以确保党对军队绝对领导为指向，以战斗力为唯一的根本的标准，以调动军事人员积极性、主动性、创造性为着力点，系统谋划、前瞻设计，创新发展、整体重塑，建立健全中国特色社会主义军事政策制度体系，为实现党在新时代的强军目标、把人民军队全面建成世界一流军队提供有力政策制度保障。（摘自习近平在中央军委政策制度改革工作会议上的讲话要点，2018年11月13日）译文：To carry out the reform, we must follow the Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era and the guiding principles of the 19th CPC National Congress, and observe the Party’s philosophy on strengthening the military for the new era, so as to ensure the Party’s absolute leadership over the military. The sole and fundamental criterion for judging the success of the reform is combat capability of the military, so we should keep our service personnel fully motivated. Through systematic planning, proactive design, innovative development, and overall reform, we can build a socialist military policy framework with Chinese characteristics. This framework will provide a strong guarantee for realizing the Party’s goal of building a strong military in the new era and making the Chinese military world-class armed forces. (from main points of the speech at a meeting of the Central Military Commission on reform of the military policy framework, November 13, 2018)

3.军事力量运用政策制度

policy systems for using (deploying) our military forces

例句：要创新军事力量运用政策制度，适应国家安全战略需求，聚焦能打仗、打胜仗，创新军事战略指导制度，构建联合作战法规体系，调整完善战备制度，形成基于联合、平战一体的军事力量运用政策制度，全面履行新时代我军使命任务。（摘自习近平在中央军委政策制度改革工作会议上的讲话要点，2018年11月13日）
译文：We need to update the policy systems for using our military forces，so as to implement our national security strategies. The military must focus on how to fight and win when it is called on. To this end, we should reform the system for strategic military guidance, develop a system of laws and regulations for joint operations, and improve the system of combat readiness. Our policy systems for deploying our military forces must be based on joint operations and ensure both combat readiness in peacetime and prompt response in wartime, and this will enable our military to complete its mission for the new era. (from main points of the speech at a meeting of the Central Military Commission on reform of the military policy framework, November 13, 2018)

4.军事力量建设政策制度

policy systems for strengthening the military

例句：要重塑军事力量建设政策制度，加强军事人力资源制度体系设计，建立军官职业化制度，优化军人待遇保障制度，构建完善军人荣誉体系，统筹推进军事训练、装备发展、后勤建设、军事科研、国防动员、军民融合等方面政策制度改革，形成聚焦打仗、激励创新、军民融合的军事力量建设政策制度，更好解放和发展战斗力。（摘自习近平在中央军委政策制度改革工作会议上的讲话要点，2018年11月13日）
译文：We need to restructure the policy systems for strengthening the military. We should design a better institutional framework for the military human resources systems. This includes establishing a career-officer system, improving the system for ensuring the wellbeing of and social security for military personnel, and improving the military honor system. We should reform in a coordinated way our policy systems concerning military training, equipment development, logistics, research, national defense mobilization, and civil-military integration. (from main points of the speech at a meeting of the Central Military Commission on reform of the military policy framework, November 13, 2018)

5.军事管理政策制度

policy systems for military management

例句：要推进军事管理政策制度改革，创新战略管理制度，构建军费管理制度，加强军事资源统筹安排，推进法规制度建设集成化、军事法规法典化，推进军事司法制度改革，形成精准高效、全面规范、刚性约束的军事管理政策制度，提升军事系统运行效能，推动我军高质量发展。（摘自习近平在中央军委政策制度改革工作会议上的讲话要点，2018年11月13日）

译文：We need to advance reform of the policy systems for military management and create new strategic management systems. We should refine the defense expenditure system and ensure coordinated allocation of military resources. We should adopt military laws and regulations in an integrated way and enhance their codification. Our policy systems for military management must be precise, effective, comprehensive, procedure-based and mandatory, so as to improve the operations of our military and promote quality development of our armed forces. (from main points of the speech at a meeting of the Central Military Commission on reform of the military policy framework, November 13, 2018)

6.“三位一体”新型军事人才培养体系

new system for training military personnel, which consists of military school education, field training, and professional military education

例句：要加紧构建“三位一体”新型军事人才培养体系，加大联合作战指挥人才、新型作战力量人才、高层次科技创新人才、高水平战略管理人才培养力度。（摘自习近平在中央军委党的建设会议上的讲话要点，2018年8月17日）

译文：We need to build a new system for training military personnel, which consists of military school education, field training, and professional military education，with a focus on training commanders for joint operations, new types of combat personnel, high-caliber personnel for technological innovation, and high-level strategic management. (from main points of the speech at a meeting of the Central Military Commission on strengthening the Party, August 17, 2018)

7.联合作战指挥体系

joint operations command system

例句：要加快推进联合作战指挥体系建设，提升联合作战指挥能力。要加强新型作战力量建设，增加新质战斗力比重。要大抓实战化军事训练，提高练兵备战质量和水平。（摘自习近平在中央军委军事工作会议上的讲话要点，2019年1月4日）译文：We should build a joint operations command system to improve our capacity in this regard. We should develop new combat forces and create new combat capabilities. We should enhance military training under combat conditions to enhance war preparedness. (from main points of the speech at a meeting of the Central Military Commission on military work, January 4, 2019)

8.防御性的国防政策

a national defense policy that is in nature defensive

例句：中国决不会以牺牲别国利益为代价来发展自己，也决不放弃自己的正当权益。中国奉行防御性的国防政策，中国发展不对任何国家构成威胁。中国无论发展到什么程度都永远不称霸。（摘自习近平在庆祝改革开放40周年大会上的讲话，2018年12月18日）译文：China will never pursue development at the expense of others’ interests, nor will China ever give up its own legitimate rights and interests. China pursues a national defense policy that is in nature defensive. China does not pose a threat to any other country. No matter what stage of development it reaches, China will never seek hegemony. (from the speech at the conference celebrating the 40th anniversary of reform and opening up, December 18, 2018)

9.军民融合

civil-military integration

例句：坚持富国和强军相统一，强化统一领导、顶层设计、改革创新和重大项目落实，深化国防科技工业改革，形成军民融合深度发展格局，构建一体化的国家战略体系和能力。（摘自习近平在中国共产党第十九次全国代表大会上的报告，2017年10月18日）译文：We should ensure that efforts to make our country prosperous and efforts to make our military strong go hand in hand. We will strengthen unified leadership, top-level design, reform, and innovation. We will speed up implementation of major projects, deepen reform of defense-related science, technology, and industry, achieve greater civil-military integration, and build integrated national strategies and strategic capabilities. (from the report to the 19th CPC National Congress, October 18, 2017)

特色用语

1. 严字当头、全面从严、一严到底

with the strictest discipline in all respects and at all times

语境：要以永远在路上的执着和韧劲，坚持严字当头、全面从严、一严到底，深入推进我军党风廉政建设和反腐败斗争。 

译文：We must never falter in our efforts to improve Party conduct and combat corruption in the military, with the strictest discipline in all respects and at all times.

2. 培养有灵魂、有本事、有血性、有品德的新时代革命军人，永葆人民军队性质、宗旨、本色

We will train the revolutionary officers and soldiers of a new era with faith, ability, courage, and integrity, and see that our forces forever preserve their nature, purpose, and character as the forces of the people.

语境：加强军队党的建设，开展“传承红色基因、担当强军重任”主题教育，推进军人荣誉体系建设，培养有灵魂、有本事、有血性、有品德的新时代革命军人，永葆人民军队性质、宗旨、本色。

译文：We will strengthen the Party in the military. We will launch activities under the theme of “passing on the traditions of revolution; stepping up to the task of making the military strong”. We will move forward with the development of the military honors system. We will train the revolutionary officers and soldiers of a new era with faith, ability, courage, and integrity, and see that our forces forever preserve their nature, purpose, and character as the forces of the people.

3. 要坚持用新时代中国特色社会主义思想和新时代党的强军思想武装官兵，铸牢部队对党绝对忠诚的思想根基。

We must continue to educate our officers and soldiers with the Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era and our Party’s philosophy on strengthening the military for the new era, as a foundation for maintaining the military’s absolute loyalty to our Party.

4. 人才资源是强军兴军的宝贵战略资源。

Human resources are a source of strategic wealth for strengthening and developing the armed forces.

坚持和加强党的全面领导

1.中国特色社会主义最本质的特征

the defining feature of Chinese socialism

例句：中国特色社会主义最本质的特征是中国共产党领导，中国特色社会主义制度的最大优势是中国共产党领导，党是最高政治领导力量。（摘自习近平在主持中共十九届中央政治局第六次集体学习时的讲话，2018年6月29日）译文：The leadership of the CPC is the defining feature of Chinese socialism and the greatest strength of this system. Our Party is the highest force for political leadership. (from the speech at the sixth group study session of the Political Bureau of the 19th CPC Central Committee, June 29, 2018)

2.党的全面领导

overall Party leadership

例句：要建立健全坚持和加强党的全面领导的组织体系、制度体系、工作机制，切实把党的领导落实到改革发展稳定、内政外交国防、治党治国治军等各领域各方面各环节。（摘自习近平在主持中共十九届中央政治局第六次集体学习时的讲话，2018年6月29日）
译文：We need to establish sound organizational frameworks, systems, and mechanisms for strengthening overall Party leadership in all realms and respects, including reform, development, social stability, domestic affairs, foreign relations, national defense, and governance of the Party, the state, and the military. (from the speech at the sixth group study session of the Political Bureau of the 19th CPC Central Committee, June 29, 2018)

3.党中央权威和集中统一领导

the CPC Central Committee’s authority and centralized, unified leadership

例句：坚持党的领导，首先是坚持党中央权威和集中统一领导，这是党的领导的最高原则，任何时候任何情况下都不能含糊、不能动摇。（摘自习近平在全国组织工作会议上的讲话，2018年7月3日）
译文：The primary requirement in adhering to Party leadership is to uphold the CPC Central Committee’s authority and centralized, unified leadership. This is the paramount principle in maintaining Party leadership, and we must never equivocate or waver at any time and in any situation. (from the speech at the CPC’s National Conference on Organizational Work, July 3, 2018)

4.党的政治建设

to reinforce the Party’s political foundations

例句：党的十九大在新时代党的建设总要求中明确提出加强党的政治建设，把保证全党服从中央、坚持党中央权威和集中统一领导作为党的政治建设的首要任务。（摘自习近平在主持中共中央政治局民主生活会时的讲话要点，2017年12月25日—26日）
译文：The report to the 19th CPC National Congress incorporates a focus on reinforcing the Party’s political foundations into the general requirements for strengthening our Party for the new era, and makes it our primary task in promoting political progress to ensure that the whole Party defers to the Central Committee and upholds its authority and centralized, unified leadership. (from the speech at a meeting of criticism and self-criticism among members of the Political Bureau of the 19th CPC Central Committee, December 25-26, 2017)

5.“四个意识”

Four Consciousnesses

释义：“四个意识”，指政治意识、大局意识、核心意识、看齐意识。

译文：The Four Consciousnesses refer to maintaining political commitment, thinking in terms of the general picture, following the core leadership of the CPC Central Committee, and acting in accordance with its requirements.

例句1：看一名党员干部特别是高级干部的素质和能力，首先看政治上是否站得稳、靠得住。站得稳、靠得住，最重要的就是要牢固树立“四个意识”，自觉在思想上政治上行动上同党中央保持高度一致，坚决维护党中央权威和集中统一领导，在各项工作中毫不动摇、百折不挠贯彻落实党中央决策部署，不打任何折扣，不耍任何小聪明，不搞任何小动作。（摘自习近平在中共十九届一中全会上的讲话，2017年10月25日）

译文：When we assess the caliber and capabilities of Party members and officials, especially those in high positions, we will judge in the first place whether they are politically resolute and reliable. A purposeful and trustworthy official must have the Four Consciousnesses, keep in line with the Central Committee in thinking, action and political orientation, uphold the authority of the Central Committee and its centralized, unified leadership, resolutely implement the Central Committee’s decisions and plans in all their work, and not engage in political maneuverings. (from the speech at the First Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee, October 25, 2017)

例句2：外交是国家意志的集中体现，必须坚持外交大权在党中央。要增强政治意识、大局意识、核心意识、看齐意识，坚决维护党中央权威和集中统一领导，自觉在思想上政治上行动上同党中央保持高度一致，确保令行禁止、步调统一。（摘自习近平在中央外事工作会议上的讲话，2018年6月22日）

译文：Foreign policy epitomizes the will of a state. The power to make foreign policy is vested in the CPC Central Committee. It is important to maintain our political commitment, think in terms of the general picture, follow the core leadership of the CPC Central Committee, and act in accordance with its requirements. It is imperative to uphold the authority of the CPC Central Committee and its centralized and unified leadership, and closely follow the leadership in terms of thinking, political commitment and actions. All directives and orders of the CPC Central Committee must be executed without fail. (from the speech at the Central Conference on Foreign Affairs, June 22, 2018)

6.“四个自信”

Four-sphere Confidence

释义：“四个自信”，指中国特色社会主义道路自信、理论自信、制度自信、文化自信。

译文：The Four-sphere Confidence refers to confidence in the path, theory, system and culture of socialism with Chinese characteristics.

例句1：当前和今后一个时期，深入推进全面从严治党，要全面贯彻党的十九大精神，以新时代中国特色社会主义思想为指导，增强“四个意识”，坚定“四个自信”，紧紧围绕坚持和加强党的全面领导，紧紧围绕维护党中央权威和集中统一领导，全面推进党的政治建设、思想建设、组织建设、作风建设、纪律建设，把制度建设贯穿其中，深入推进反腐败斗争，在坚持中深化、在深化中发展，实现党内政治生态根本好转，不断增强党的创造力、凝聚力、战斗力，为决胜全面建成小康社会、全面建设社会主义现代化国家提供坚强保证。（摘自习近平在中共十九届中央纪委二次全会上的讲话，2018年1月11日）

译文：To further strengthen Party self-governance now and in the future, we must implement the guiding principles of the 19th CPC National Congress held in 2017, and follow the guidance of the Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era. While enhancing our Four Consciousnesses and bolstering our Four-sphere Confidence, we must uphold and strengthen overall Party leadership, uphold the authority of the Central Committee and its centralized, unified leadership, and see the Party’s political foundations reinforced, its ideological commitment buttressed, its organizations consolidated, its conduct improved, and its discipline enforced, with institutional improvements incorporated into every aspect of strengthening the Party. We must step up our efforts to combat corruption, carry on with our work to improve the Party’s political environment, and strengthen its ability to innovate, its power to unite, and its capacity to deliver. These are firm guarantees for a decisive victory in building a moderately prosperous society in all respects, and for building a modern socialist China. (from the speech at the Second Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, January 11, 2018)

例句2：全党同志特别是各级领导干部做政治上的明白人，很重要的一条就是任何时候任何情况下都要坚定中国特色社会主义道路自信、理论自信、制度自信、文化自信，真正做到“千磨万击还坚劲，任尔东西南北风”。（摘自习近平在中共十九届四中全会第二次全体会议上的讲话，2019年10月31日）

译文：All Party members, especially leading officials, must take a clear political stance on this issue, and maintain confidence in the Chinese socialist path, theory, system and culture at all times and in all circumstances. We must be as tenacious as bamboo, as described by Zheng Xie: “In the face of all blows, not bending low, it still stands fast. Whether from east, west, south or north the wind doth blast.” (from the speech at the second full assembly of the Fourth Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee, October 31, 2019)

特色用语

1. 党政军民学，东西南北中，党是领导一切的。

The Party exercises overall leadership over all endeavors across the country.

2. 坚持党的领导是方向性问题，必须旗帜鲜明、立场坚定，决不能羞羞答答、语焉不详，决不能遮遮掩掩、搞自我麻痹。

It is a primary requirement to uphold CPC leadership. We must be clear and steadfast in this stance, rather than being hesitant, vague, evasive, or diffident.

3. 党中央是大脑和中枢，党中央必须有定于一尊、一锤定音的权威，这样才能“如身使臂，如臂使指，叱咤变化，无有留难，则天下之势一矣”。

The Central Committee, like the brain and main part of a body, must be the sole authority that makes the final decisions, so that it can control the subordinate parts just as “the body employs the arms and the arms employ the fingers without any difficulty, then the country runs as a whole”.

坚持和加强党的全面领导（二）

1.“两个维护”

Two Upholds

释义：“两个维护”，指维护习近平总书记党中央的核心、全党的核心地位，维护党中央权威和集中统一领导。译文：The Two Upholds refer to upholding General Secretary Xi Jinping’s core position on the CPC Central Committee and in the Party as a whole, and upholding the Central Committee’s authority and its centralized, unified leadership.例句：中央和国家机关是践行“两个维护”的第一方阵。如果党的理论和路线方针政策在这里失之毫厘，到了基层就可能谬以千里；如果贯彻落实的第一棒就掉了链子，“两个维护”在“最先一公里”就可能落空。（摘自习近平在中央和国家机关党的建设工作会议上的讲话，2019年7月9日）译文：Central Party and government departments are at the forefront of ensuring the Two Upholds. The slightest deviation from the theories, guidelines, principles and policies of our Party will lead to huge mistakes at the grassroots level. If the first baton of implementation is dropped, the race will be lost from the very beginning. (from the speech at the National Conference on Strengthening the Party in Central Party and Government Departments, July 9, 2019)

2.“四个服从”

Four Principles of Deference

释义：“四个服从”，指党员个人服从党的组织，少数服从多数，下级组织服从上级组织，全党各个组织和全体党员服从党的全国代表大会和中央委员会。
译文：The Four Principles of Deference mean that individual Party members defer to Party organizations, the minority defers to the majority, lower-level Party organizations defer to higher-level Party organizations, and all organizations and members of the Party defer to the National Congress and the Central Committee of the Party.例句：党章规定“四个服从”，最根本的是全党各个组织和全体党员服从党的全国代表大会和中央委员会；党中央强调“四个意识”，最根本的是坚决维护党中央权威和集中统一领导。（摘自习近平在中共十九届中央纪委二次全会上的讲话，2018年1月11日）
译文：In the Four Principles of Deference provided in the Party Constitution, what is most essential is that all organizations and members of the Party defer to the National Congress and the Central Committee. Among the Four Consciousnesses underlined by the Central Committee, upholding the authority of the Central Committee and its centralized, unified leadership is pivotal. (from the speech at the Second Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, January 11, 2018)

3.在思想上政治上行动上同党中央保持高度一致

· to closely follow the Central Committee in terms of thinking, political orientation, and actions 

· to keep in line with the Central Committee in thinking, action and political orientation

例句：全党要增强“四个意识”、坚定“四个自信”、做到“两个维护”，自觉在思想上政治上行动上同党中央保持高度一致，自觉维护党的团结统一，严守党的政治纪律和政治规矩，始终保持同人民的血肉联系。（摘自习近平在省部级主要领导干部坚持底线思维着力防范化解重大风险专题研讨班开班式上的讲话，2019年1月21日）
译文：All Party members must continue to strengthen their commitment to the Four Consciousnesses, the Four-sphere Confidence, and the Two Upholds. It is essential to closely follow the Central Committee in terms of thinking, political orientation, and actions, conscientiously safeguard Party solidarity and unity, strictly abide by the Party’s political discipline and rules, and always maintain close ties with the people. (from the speech at the opening ceremony of a study session on worst-case scenario thinking to prevent and resolve major risks, which was attended by principal officials at the provincial and ministerial level, January 21, 2019)

4.马克思主义执政党

· Marxist governing party

· Marxist ruling party

例句：做到不忘初心、牢记使命，并不是一件容易的事情，必须有强烈的自我革命精神。在新的征程上，我们要把党建设成为始终走在时代前列、人民衷心拥护、勇于自我革命、经得起各种风浪考验、朝气蓬勃的马克思主义执政党，就必须牢记初心和使命，在新时代把党的自我革命推向深入。（摘自习近平在主持中共十九届中央政治局第十五次集体学习时的讲话，2019年6月24日）
译文：Staying true to the original aspiration and founding mission is not easy. It requires us to have a strong sense of self-reform. We must fulfill this mission on the new journey and reform the Party further in the new era to build it into a vibrant Marxist governing party that is always at the forefront of the times, enjoys the wholehearted support of the people, has the courage to reform itself, and is able to withstand all tests. (from the speech at the 15th group study session of the Political Bureau of the 19th CPC Central Committee, June 24, 2019)

5.马克思主义学习型政党

learning-oriented Marxist party

例句：要加快推进马克思主义学习型政党、学习大国建设，坚持把学习贯彻新时代中国特色社会主义思想作为重中之重，坚持理论同实际相结合，悟原理、求真理、明事理，不断增强“四个意识”、坚定“四个自信”、做到“两个维护”，教育引导广大党员、干部按照忠诚干净担当的要求提高自己，努力培养斗争精神、增强斗争本领，使思想、能力、行动跟上党中央要求、跟上时代前进步伐、跟上事业发展需要。（摘自习近平为第五批全国干部学习培训教材所作的《序言》，2019年2月27日）

译文：We should quicken our pace in making our Party more of a learning-oriented Marxist party, and nurturing a love of learning in our people, with studying and putting into practice the Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era as the top priority. In this process, we should combine theory with reality, comprehend the fundamentals, seek truth, and understand the reasons and logic behind things. Strengthening their commitment to the Four Consciousnesses, the Four-sphere Confidence, and the Two Upholds, all Party members and officials should improve themselves against the standards of being loyal, upright and responsible, foster a pioneering spirit, and increase their abilities, so that in terms of thinking, ability and action they can keep abreast of the times, our cause, and the requirements of the Central Committee. (from the preface to the reading materials for the fifth group of trainee officials, written on February 27, 2019)

6.党内政治生活

· political activities within the Party

· intra-Party political activities

例句：要贯彻落实新形势下党内政治生活的若干准则，让党员、干部在党内政治生活中经常接受政治体检，打扫政治灰尘，净化政治灵魂，增强政治免疫力。（摘自习近平在主持中共十九届中央政治局第六次集体学习时的讲话，2018年6月29日）

译文：Party members and officials must act in accordance with the Regulations for Political Activities Within the Party in the New Era, and have regular political “health checks” through intra-Party activities. We can thereby “sweep off the dust”, keep our souls wholesome, and boost our immune system in the political realm. (from the speech at the sixth group study session of the Political Bureau of the 19th CPC Central Committee, June 29, 2018)

特色用语

1. 我们党有8900多万名党员和450多万个基层党组织，保持和发展马克思主义政党的政治属性不是一件容易的事，不能指望泛泛抓一抓或者集中火力打几个战役就能彻底解决问题。

With more than 89 million members and 4.5 million grassroots organizations, it is not easy for our Party to preserve and develop its nature as a Marxist political party. A broad-brush approach or a few targeted campaigns are not the solution.

2. 人民群众拥护和支持是我们党最可靠的力量源泉。

The support of the people is the unfailing source of our Party’s strength.

3. 各级领导干部特别是高级干部要炼就一双政治慧眼，不畏浮云遮望眼，切实担负起党和人民赋予的政治责任。

Officials, especially those in senior positions, should have good political judgment. We should let no fleeting phenomena cloud our vision, and shoulder the political responsibilities entrusted to us by the Party and the people.

坚持和加强党的全面领导（三）

1.政治生态

· political environment

· political atmosphere例句1：营造良好政治生态是一项长期任务，必须作为党的政治建设的基础性、经常性工作，浚其源、涵其林，养正气、固根本，锲而不舍、久久为功。（摘自习近平在主持中共十九届中央政治局第六次集体学习时的讲话，2018年6月29日）译文：Fostering a healthy political environment is a long-term task that must be made a basic and regular activity in reinforcing our Party’s political foundations. Like tending the natural environment by clearing up the sources of waterways and cultivating forests, we need to make long, tenacious efforts to foster political integrity and build a strong foundation. (from the speech at the sixth group study session of the Political Bureau of the 19th CPC Central Committee, June 29, 2018)例句2：要弘扬社会主义核心价值观，弘扬和践行忠诚老实、公道正派、实事求是、清正廉洁等价值观，以良好政治文化涵养风清气正的政治生态。（摘自习近平在主持中共十九届中央政治局第六次集体学习时的讲话，2018年6月29日）译文：We also should promote the core socialist values, and advocate and practice values such as loyalty, honesty, impartiality, pragmatism, and integrity. By virtue of a healthy political culture, we will maintain a wholesome political atmosphere. (from the speech at the sixth group study session of the Political Bureau of the 19th CPC Central Committee, June 29, 2018)

2.政治方向

· political direction

· political orientation释义：我们所要坚守的政治方向，就是共产主义远大理想和中国特色社会主义共同理想、“两个一百年”奋斗目标，就是党的基本理论、基本路线、基本方略。（摘自习近平在主持中共十九届中央政治局第六次集体学习时的讲话，2018年6月29日）
译文：The political direction we must follow is the noble ideal of communism, our ideal of socialism with Chinese characteristics, the Two Centenary Goals, and the Party’s underlying theories, basic guidelines, and fundamental principles. (from the speech at the sixth group study session of the Political Bureau of the 19th CPC Central Committee, June 29, 2018)

3.政治纪律和政治规矩

political discipline and rules例句：要严格遵守政治纪律和政治规矩，全面执行党内政治生活准则，确保党中央政令畅通，确保局部服从全局，确保各项工作坚持正确政治方向。（摘自习近平在中共十九届一中全会上的讲话，2017年10月25日）
译文：We must abide by political discipline and rules, fully observe the regulations on intra-Party political activities, ensure the implementation of the Central Committee’s policies and decisions, make sure local interests submit to overall interests, and guarantee the right political orientation in all our work. (from the speech at the First Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee, October 25, 2017)

4.政治敏锐性和政治鉴别力

political acuity and discernment例句：要教育引导各级领导干部增强政治敏锐性和政治鉴别力，对容易诱发政治问题特别是重大突发事件的敏感因素、苗头性倾向性问题，做到眼睛亮、见事早、行动快，及时消除各种政治隐患。（摘自习近平在主持中共十九届中央政治局第六次集体学习时的讲话，2018年6月29日）
译文：We need to train and guide officials to enhance their political acuity and discernment, have a keen eye for sensitive matters and tendencies that may trigger off political issues – especially serious emergencies – whenever they emerge, and take preemptive and swift action to remove all potential political dangers. (from the speech at the sixth group study session of the Political Bureau of the 19th CPC Central Committee, June 29, 2018)

5.当政治上的明白人

· to take a clear-cut political stance

· to take a clear political stance

例句：党中央要求各级领导干部特别是高级干部当政治上的明白人，做到心中有党，就是要自觉把工作放在党中央工作大局中考量和部署，自觉做到党中央提倡的坚决响应、党中央决定的坚决执行、党中央禁止的坚决不做，执行党中央决策部署不讲条件、不打折扣、不搞变通。（摘自习近平在中共十九届中央纪委二次全会上的讲话，2018年1月11日）

译文：The Central Committee requires that officials at all levels, high-ranking ones in particular, take a clear-cut political stance and stay loyal to the Party. This means they must conscientiously consider and plan their work in accordance with the Central Committee’s overall plans, respond promptly to its calls, fully implement its decisions, and put a stop to anything it prohibits. The implementation of the Central Committee’s decisions and plans should be unconditional. There should be no unauthorized alterations or any attempt to “negotiate the terms”. (from the speech at the Second Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, January 11, 2018)

特色用语

1. 要增强斗争精神，敢于亮剑、敢于斗争，坚决防止和克服嗅不出敌情、分不清是非、辨不明方向的政治麻痹症。

We need to build up our fighting spirit, take an unequivocal stance, and resolutely prevent and overcome political lethargy, which will render us unable to detect hostile moves, distinguish right from wrong, or see the correct direction.

2.于安思危，于治忧乱。

Be alert to danger in times of peace, and be wary of unrest in times of stability.

语境：“于安思危，于治忧乱。”我们党在内忧外患中诞生，在磨难挫折中成长，在战胜风险挑战中壮大，始终有着强烈的忧患意识、风险意识。译文：“Be alert to danger in times of peace, and be wary of unrest in times of stability.” Our Party was born amid domestic turmoil and foreign aggression, grew up through hardships and setbacks, and has become stronger in the course of overcoming risks and challenges. It therefore has an acute sense of dangers and risks.

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